Atlanta's Trusted Orchiectomy Specialists

What is an Orchiectomy?

An orchiectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles, the organs responsible for producing sperm and the male hormone testosterone. Testicles are located in the scrotum, a sac of skin beneath the penis. This procedure is commonly used to treat or prevent testicular cancer, prostate cancer, and male breast cancer.

It is also a key part of the gender transition process for transgender women. Orchiectomy is typically an outpatient surgery, allowing patients to return home the same day.

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Why is an Orchiectomy Performed?

Urologists perform orchiectomies for several reasons, including:

Cancer Treatment:

Orchiectomy is both a treatment and diagnostic tool for testicular cancer. It allows the surgeon to remove cancerous tissues and for pathologists to analyze the tissue for an accurate diagnosis. The procedure is also used to treat prostate and male breast cancers by lowering male hormone levels, which can shrink cancerous tumors.

Transgender Transition:

Many transgender women opt for an orchiectomy as part of their transition from male to female. This procedure may be performed on its own or alongside other gender-affirming surgeries, such as vaginoplasty. Removing the testicles significantly reduces male hormone levels, which can minimize the need for hormone therapy.

Damaged Testicle Removal:

Severe trauma, such as from sports injuries or accidents, can cause irreversible damage to the testicles. In these cases, the damaged testicle may need to be removed. Rarely, orchiectomy may also be required for undescended testicles or complications from testicular torsion.

Preparation

Orchiectomy is performed under general anesthesia, ensuring you are asleep and pain-free throughout the procedure. Your healthcare provider will provide detailed instructions on how to prepare, including fasting before surgery and stopping certain medications, such as blood thinners.

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During the Procedure

A small incision is made in the pubic area (inguinal orchiectomy) or the scrotum (simple orchiectomy), depending on the technique.
Your surgeon may remove one testicle (unilateral orchiectomy) or both (bilateral orchiectomy). In some cases, the spermatic cord is also removed to prevent cancer spread.
The incision is then closed with stitches, and you'll be taken to a recovery room.

Duration: The procedure usually takes between 30 to 60 minutes.

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Recovery After Orchiectomy

After surgery, you'll spend time in recovery until you are awake and are able to urinate. You will need someone to drive you home. Full recovery typically takes several weeks, and your healthcare provider will give you instructions for at-home care:

Rest: Avoid heavy lifting, physical activity, and sexual intercourse for at least two weeks. Wear loose-fitting clothes for comfort.
Care for the Incision: Keep the area clean and dry, following your provider's instructions. Use soap and water during showers, and avoid baths or swimming until fully healed.
Manage Pain: You may experience pain or tenderness in the area. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or NSAIDs can help manage discomfort. Applying ice packs and wearing supportive underwear can reduce swelling.
Hydration and Nutrition: Stay hydrated and eat a fiber-rich diet to prevent constipation, which could strain the surgical site.

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Benefits of Orchiectomy

Orchiectomy offers several benefits depending on the reason for the surgery:

Effective Cancer Treatment: For testicular, prostate, and male breast cancers, orchiectomy effectively reduces male hormone levels and helps shrink cancerous tumors. It also provides a tissue sample for accurate diagnosis.
Gender Affirmation: For transgender women, orchiectomy is a key component of gender transition, reducing the need for long-term hormone therapy. This can help minimize the risks associated with estrogen supplements, such as blood clots.
Trauma Repair: For individuals with severely damaged testicles, orchiectomy prevents complications and relieves pain.